强化反应器中厌氧颗粒污泥的形成过程

本文就啤酒废水处理过程中厌氧颗粒驯化过程及微生物群落等进行光学显微镜和扫描电镜跟踪观察和研究。结果表明，厌氧序批式反应器(Anaeroibc Sequencing Batch Reactor．ASBR)在处理啤酒废水过程中，厌氧颗粒污泥的形成过程分五个阶段，即细菌增殖阶段、小颗粒污泥形成阶段、小颗粒污泥聚合阶段、初生颗粒污泥阶段和成熟颗粒污泥阶段。     

中国植物空间分异规律

以省级行政区为分析单元,借助ArcGIS空间分析功能对中国行政分区图、中国森林覆盖率图、中国植物区系图、中国植被分区图进行叠加分析。通过对同一植被分区下分析单元数据进行整合,给出全国不同植物区系、植被分区、森林覆盖率信息。采用二阶聚类综合判别法,提取中国植被分区总体信息,探求植被空间分异规律,发现一类、二类、三类植被的比例为30∶37∶23,反映出植被的区域分布特性较强;四类植被比例大致占10%,反映出大区域内部的局地小生境造成的植被分布的整体差异。另外,一类植被多分布在中高纬度地带,二类植被贯穿中国全纬度,三类植被多分布在低纬度地带。     

基于肠道菌群探讨葛根芩连汤治疗湿热型2型糖尿病研究进展*

摘 要: 近年来世界范围内2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus type 2,T2DM)的发病率不断上升。微生态学研究证实,T2DM疾病的发生与肠道菌群数量及比例的失调有很大的关联性,这成为研究热点。现有实验发现:肠道菌群紊乱可通过短链脂肪酸学说、胆汁酸代谢学说、内毒素学说、支链氨基酸学说等机制来影响T2DM的发生发展。湿热证T2DM患者在临床最为常见,该类患者胰岛素抵抗最为严重,而动物实验研究发现葛根芩连汤可通过特定的分子机制及通路作用于肠道菌群,通过调节胰岛β细胞的功能、提高胰岛素敏感性、减轻氧化应激反应,从而调节血糖,减轻胰岛素抵抗,为临床治疗T2DM患者提供更科学的依据。但由于菌群数量庞杂,现有数据多偏重于动物实验,且研究菌群特异性不足,为此今后需进一步加强对T2DM特定菌群的研究,以及增加临床大样本数据统计。     

禹州华夏植物群与含煤地层研究

通过对河南禹州华夏植物群与含煤地层的研究可知,河南省禹州市神垕镇与磨街乡之间的大风口一带,石炭二叠纪含煤地层出露总厚度超过950 m,最多含煤层数达89层,华北与华南所有的含煤层位在这里几乎都可以找到天然露头,成为研究我国华北晚古生代聚煤盆地的一根"铁柱子",对对比河南省煤田地质勘查和地层具有重要的标杆作用.所产植物化石已鉴定有112属306种;其中,137个为新种,分属12个植物类别.此外,剖面上还有多层可用于烧制钧瓷的黏土矿层.     

臭氧对生物增强活性炭系统中菌群稳定性影响研究

为提高生物增强活性炭(BEAC)工艺的生物稳定性,进行臭氧工艺对固定的优势菌群稳定性的影响研究。结果表明,臭氧投加量1.5～2.5mg/L,接触时间大于10min时,可有效杀灭进水中的杂菌,且产生的余臭氧量(小于0.25mg/L)不会影响后续工艺中优势菌群的生物活性。通过对比臭氧—BEAC和单独BEAC工艺滤料表面菌群组成随运行时间的变化规律,臭氧—BEAC工艺优势菌在活性炭表面始终占主导地位,菌种组成及生态结构未发生改变,有较好的生物稳定性。单独BEAC工艺运行至6个月时,菌群组成发生较大变化,优势菌数量减少。通过扫描电镜观察,运行6个月的臭氧—BEAC炭上形成菌体重叠的菌团结构,并有较多未被生物覆盖的滤料表面和空缺的地方。单独BEAC工艺活性炭表面粗糙结构较少,被大量污染物与菌团相互包裹的颗粒所覆盖。     

Pollution due to coir retting and its effect on estuarine flora and fauna

One of the striking features of Kerala state is the continuous chain of lagoons or backwaters existing along the coastal region. The backwaters support rich and diverse life forms and provide crucial nurseries for shrimps and fishes as well as habitat for oysters, clams and mussels which later enrich the ocean and make Kerala the principal exporter of marine products amongst the states of India. The shallow fringes of the backwaters and the channels drawn from them are used for retting of coconut husk. It adversely affects the productivity of the backwaters and is harmful to marine fisheries. The retting of coconut husks in backwaters is brought about by the pectinolytic activity of micro organisms especially bacteria fungi and yeasts degrading the fibre binding materials of the husk and liberating large quantities of organic matter and chemicals into the environment, including pectin, pentosan, tannins, polyphenols, etc. Consequently hydrogen sulphide, phosphate and nitrate contents increase while dissolved oxygen and community diversity of plankton decrease in the ambient waters during the retting process. The present study is to evaluate pollution due to coir retting activity and its influence on quality of water and estuarine flora and fauna.     

Floristic diversity with particular reference to endemic,rare or endangered flora in forest formations of Saïda (Algeria)

An evaluation and inventory study on the natural vegetation cover and its diversity was carried out on the forest vegetation of the district of Saïda. The floristic diversity of our study area revealed the existence of 397 taxa belonging to 64 families and 271 genera. The most important families are Asteraceae (42 genera), Fabaceae (25 genera), Brassicaceae (22 genera) and Poaceae (22 genera). The category of rare taxa represents 13% of the studied flora (52 taxa). In our study area, we have counted 35 endemic regional species of which 19 species are endemic Algerian-Moroccan, and 3 species are strictly endemic to Algeria. Among the taxa analysed, 02 are included in the IUCN Red List, and 12 are on the Algerian list of protected non-cultivated plant species.     

Urbanization Effect on Floristic and Landscape Patterns of Green Spaces

The study explored the effects of intensive urbanization on urban plant diversity and landscape pattern. An inventory of plant species in managed green spaces in the nine urban districts of Guangzhou (south China) with varied development history was conducted. The relationships among species richness, diversity and urban development were analysed by community ecology attributes, cluster analysis, growth-form differentiation and district fidelity indices, and statistical tests. The 1055 vascular species were dominated by a small number of common evergreen species, accompanied by many rare species. By species richness, tree was the dominant growth form, followed by herb and shrub. Species richness and diversity were slightly below urban-fringe secondary forests. Old and young districts offered disparate conditions for species enrichment to establish urban landscape patterns with divergent floristic and growth-form assemblages. Urban species profile and vegetation landscapes were mainly influenced by planning and management of the urban landscape and changing landscape fashion.     

Pellicle formation,microbial succession and lactic acid utilisation during the aerobic deteriorating process of Sichuan pickle

The pellicles formation, microbial changes and lactic acid utilisation during the aerobic deterioration of Sichuan pickle were discussed in this study. By plate counting, chemical detection and HPLC analysis, the aerobic deterioration of Sichuan pickle was featured by microbial growth, pellicle formation, lactic acid decrease and pH elevation. Bacteria dominated in pellicles and the pellicles present morphological change from smooth to wrinkly along with the aerobic deteriorating process. Nine species of bacteria were identified and responsible for the pellicle formation. Combined with Lactobacillus plantarum, eight pellicle‐forming bacteria were the dominant lactic acid consuming organisms in deteriorating Sichuan pickle. Especially under the harsh acid condition of the early deteriorating period, Lb. plantarum, pellicle‐forming bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis and Citrobacter freundii participated in the pellicles, utilised lactic acid and increased the brine pH effectively. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA libraries suggested that the resulting pH of 4.8–5.0 initiated the growth of more undesirable organisms, and the pellicle bacterial diversity changed greatly compared with that in the early deteriorating period. The study indicated the important role of pellicles in the initiation of Sichuan pickle's aerobic deterioration and enhanced our ability to understand and potentially control the aerobic deterioration.